ESG – Kajian Lingkungan, Sosial, dan Governance Dalam Akuntansi Internasional

Abstract

This study examines the concept of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) within international accounting. ESG is an investment framework that evaluates environmental, social, and governance factors as non-financial dimensions of valuation, performance, and risk. The increasing demand for responsible business practices and transparent communication of ESG performance is driven by investor interest, stakeholder expectations, risk mitigation, and regulatory compliance. Through a literature review, this research explores foundational theories such as stakeholder theory, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and sustainable development goals. It also highlights global reporting standards, including those set by ISSB, GRI, and ESRS, as essential frameworks for ESG disclosures. Metrics for ESG evaluation, both quantitative and qualitative, and their role in corporate reputation management are discussed. Case studies, such as Lufthansa’s advanced ESG strategy, demonstrate practical applications and challenges, including the complexity and cost of ESG reporting for mid-sized firms. Despite these challenges, integrating ESG into business strategies enables organizations to align with sustainability goals, enhance operational resilience, and meet stakeholder expectations. This study provides insights into ESG’s role in shaping sustainable accounting practices and its potential to drive value creation in a rapidly evolving business environment.